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Boas.

Tenho o seguinte código:

#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#define KEY_INPUT    PIND
#define LED_OUTPUT   PORTB
#define LED_DIR      DDRB

volatile uint8_t key_state = 0;
volatile uint8_t key_press = 0;

uint8_t get_key_press(uint8_t key_mask){
   cli();
   key_mask &= key_press;              //read key(s)
   key_press ^= key_mask;              //clear key(s)
   sei();

   return key_mask;
}

void timer_intr_setup(void){
   TCCR0B = 1 << CS02;                 //divide 256 * 256
   TIMSK0 = 1 << TOIE0;                //enable timer interrupt
}


int main(void){

   timer_intr_setup();

   LED_DIR = 0xff;
   LED_OUTPUT = 0xff;
   sei();
   for(;;){
      LED_OUTPUT ^= get_key_press(0x0c);
   }
}

ISR (TIMER0_OVF_vect){
   static uint8_t ct0, ct1;
   uint8_t i;

   i = key_state ^ ~KEY_INPUT;         //key changed ?
   ct0 = ~(ct0 & i);                   //reset or count ct0
   ct1 = ct0 ^ (ct1 & i);              //reset or count ct1
   i &= ct0 & ct1;                     //count until roll over
   key_state ^= i;                     //thne toggle debounced state
   //now debounce is finished
   key_press |= key_state & i;         //0->1 key press detect
}

 

E o Makefile que estou a usar é:

# WinAVR Sample makefile written by Eric B. Weddington, Jörg Wunsch, et al.
# Modified (bringing often-changed options to the top) by Elliot Williams

# make all = Make software and program
# make clean = Clean out built project files.
# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude.  Please
#                customize the avrdude settings below first!

# Microcontroller Type
MCU = atmega328p
# MCU = attiny2313
# MCU = atmega8
# MCU = attiny45

# Target file name (without extension).
TARGET = debounce

# Programming hardware: type avrdude -c ?
# to get a full listing.
# AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = dapa
AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = arduino
# AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = dt006

#AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/usb    # not really needed for usb
AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/ttyUSB0           # linux
# AVRDUDE_PORT = lpt1		       # windows

############# Don't need to change below here for most purposes  (Elliot)

# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s]. 0 turns off optimization.
# (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.)
OPT = s

# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary)
FORMAT = ihex

# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.)
SRC = $(TARGET).c

# If there is more than one source file, append them above, or modify and
# uncomment the following:
#SRC += foo.c bar.c

# You can also wrap lines by appending a backslash to the end of the line:
#SRC += baz.c \
#xyzzy.c



# List Assembler source files here.
# Make them always end in a capital .S.  Files ending in a lowercase .s
# will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler
# output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"!
# Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same,
# it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does
# care about how the name is spelled on its command-line.
ASRC = debounce.S


# List any extra directories to look for include files here.
#     Each directory must be seperated by a space.
EXTRAINCDIRS =


# Optional compiler flags.
#  -g:        generate debugging information (for GDB, or for COFF conversion)
#  -O*:       optimization level
#  -f...:     tuning, see gcc manual and avr-libc documentation
#  -Wall...:  warning level
#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#    -ahlms:  create assembler listing
CFLAGS = -g -O$(OPT) \
-funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums \
-Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror -Wno-comment -DF_CPU=16000000UL\
-Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst) \
$(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))


# Set a "language standard" compiler flag.
#   Unremark just one line below to set the language standard to use.
#   gnu99 = C99 + GNU extensions. See GCC manual for more information.
#CFLAGS += -std=c89
#CFLAGS += -std=gnu89
#CFLAGS += -std=c99
CFLAGS += -std=gnu99



# Optional assembler flags.
#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#  -ahlms:    create listing
#  -gstabs:   have the assembler create line number information; note that
#             for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames
#             and function names needs to be present in the assembler source
#             files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there]
ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs



# Optional linker flags.
#  -Wl,...:   tell GCC to pass this to linker.
#  -Map:      create map file
#  --cref:    add cross reference to  map file
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref,--warn-common



# Additional libraries

# Minimalistic printf version
#LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min

# Floating point printf version (requires -lm below)
#LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt

# -lm = math library
LDFLAGS += -lm


# Programming support using avrdude. Settings and variables.


AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex:i
#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep

AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER)

# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter.
# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn,
# see avrdude manual.
#AVRDUDE_ERASE += -y

# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be
# performed after programming the device.
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -V

# Increase verbosity level.  Please use this when submitting bug
# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude>
# to submit bug reports.
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -vvv

#Run while cable attached or don't
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -E reset #keep chip disabled while cable attached
#AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -E noreset

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x04:m #run with 8 Mhz clock

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x21:m #run with 1 Mhz clock #default clock mode

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x01:m #run with 1 Mhz clock no start up time

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Define directories, if needed.
#DIRAVR = c:/winavr
#DIRAVRBIN = $(DIRAVR)/bin
#DIRAVRUTILS = $(DIRAVR)/utils/bin
#DIRINC = .
#DIRLIB = $(DIRAVR)/avr/lib


# Define programs and commands.
SHELL = sh

CC = avr-gcc

OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
SIZE = avr-size


# Programming support using avrdude.
AVRDUDE = avrdude


REMOVE = rm -f
COPY = cp

HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex
ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) -A $(TARGET).elf



# Define Messages
# English
MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none
MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin --------
MSG_END = --------  end  --------
MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before:
MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after:
MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF:
MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF:
MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash:
MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM:
MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing:
MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table:
MSG_LINKING = Linking:
MSG_COMPILING = Compiling:
MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling:
MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project:




# Define all object files.
OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o)

# Define all listing files.
LST = $(ASRC:.S=.lst) $(SRC:.c=.lst)

# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags.
# Add target processor to flags.
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS)
ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)



# Default target: make program!
all: begin gccversion sizebefore $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep \
	$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym sizeafter finished end
#	$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)

# Eye candy.
# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on
# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job.
begin:
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_BEGIN)

finished:
	@echo $(MSG_ERRORS_NONE)

end:
	@echo $(MSG_END)
	@echo


# Display size of file.
sizebefore:
	@if [ -f $(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); echo; fi

sizeafter:
	@if [ -f $(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); echo; fi



# Display compiler version information.
gccversion :
	@$(CC) --version




# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in
# AVR Studio or VMLAB.
COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \
	--change-section-address .data-0x800000 \
	--change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \
	--change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \
	--change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000


coff: $(TARGET).elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
	$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof


extcoff: $(TARGET).elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
	$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof




# Program the device.
program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep
	$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)




# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file.
%.hex: %.elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@
	$(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@

%.eep: %.elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@
	-$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
	--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@

# Create extended listing file from ELF output file.
%.lss: %.elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@
	$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@

# Create a symbol table from ELF output file.
%.sym: %.elf
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@
	avr-nm -n $< > $@



# Link: create ELF output file from object files.
.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
%.elf: $(OBJ)
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@
	$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(OBJ) --output $@ $(LDFLAGS)


# Compile: create object files from C source files.
%.o : %.c
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $<
	$(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@


# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
%.s : %.c
	$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@


# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files.
%.o : %.S
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $<
	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@






# Target: clean project.
clean: begin clean_list finished end

clean_list :
	@echo
	@echo $(MSG_CLEANING)
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).obj
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).obj
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).a90
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lnk
	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss
	$(REMOVE) $(OBJ)
	$(REMOVE) $(LST)
	$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s)
	$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d)
	$(REMOVE) *~

# Automatically generate C source code dependencies.
# (Code originally taken from the GNU make user manual and modified
# (See README.txt Credits).)
#
# Note that this will work with sh (bash) and sed that is shipped with WinAVR
# (see the SHELL variable defined above).
# This may not work with other shells or other seds.
#
%.d: %.c
	set -e; $(CC) -MM $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< \
	| sed 's,\(.*\)\.o[ :]*,\1.o \1.d : ,g' > $@; \
	[ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@


# Remove the '-' if you want to see the dependency files generated.
-include $(SRC:.c=.d)



# Listing of phony targets.
.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion coff extcoff \
	clean clean_list program

No entanto, obtenho os seguintes erros aquando executo o "make" no terminal:

et -e; avr-gcc -MM -mmcu=atmega328p -I. -g -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror -Wno-comment -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Wa,-adhlns=debounce.lst  -std=gnu99 debounce.c \
| sed 's,\(.*\)\.o[ :]*,\1.o \1.d : ,g' > debounce.d; \
[ -s debounce.d ] || rm -f debounce.d

-------- begin --------
avr-gcc (GCC) 4.9.2
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Compiling: debounce.c
avr-gcc -c -mmcu=atmega328p -I. -g -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror -Wno-comment -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Wa,-adhlns=debounce.lst  -std=gnu99 debounce.c -o debounce.o

Linking: debounce.elf
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega328p -I. -g -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror -Wno-comment -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Wa,-adhlns=debounce.o  -std=gnu99 debounce.o debounce.o --output debounce.elf -Wl,-Map=debounce.map,--cref,--warn-common -lm
debounce.o: In function `main':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `get_key_press'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.text+0x0): first defined here
debounce.o: In function `main':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.bss+0x0): multiple definition of `key_press'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.bss+0x0): first defined here
debounce.o: In function `timer_intr_setup':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:21: multiple definition of `timer_intr_setup'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:21: first defined here
debounce.o: In function `main':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.text.startup+0x0): multiple definition of `main'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.text.startup+0x0): first defined here
debounce.o: In function `__vector_16':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:39: multiple definition of `__vector_16'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:39: first defined here
debounce.o: In function `main':
/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.bss+0x1): multiple definition of `key_state'
debounce.o:/home/narayan/3º Ano - Electrónica e Telecomunicações/Cadeiras_3A_2S/Projecto_Telecomunicações/Debounce/Debounce/debounce.c:(.bss+0x1): first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:314: recipe for target 'debounce.elf' failed
make: *** [debounce.elf] Error 1

 

Mas com o seguinte Makefile, a compilação é feita sem erros:

PRG            = debounce
OBJ            = debounce.o

MCU_TARGET		= atmega328p

OPTIMIZE       = -Os
DEFS           = -std=c99
LIBS           =
# You should not have to change anything below here.
CC             = avr-gcc
# Override is only needed by avr-lib build system.
override CFLAGS        = -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-comment $(OPTIMIZE) -mmcu=$(MCU_TARGET) $(DEFS) -DF_CPU=16000000UL
override LDFLAGS       = -Wl,-Map,$(PRG).map -Wl,--warn-common
OBJCOPY        = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP        = avr-objdump
all: $(PRG).elf lst text eeprom
$(PRG).elf: $(OBJ)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LIBS)
# dependency:
debounce.o : debounce.c
clean:
	rm -rf *.o $(PRG).elf *.eps *.png *.pdf *.bak
	rm -rf *.lst *.map $(EXTRA_CLEAN_FILES)
lst:  $(PRG).lst
%.lst: %.elf
	$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@
# Rules for building the .text rom images
text: hex bin srec
hex:  $(PRG).hex
bin:  $(PRG).bin
srec: $(PRG).srec
%.hex: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.srec: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O srec $< $@
%.bin: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O binary $< $@
# Rules for building the .eeprom rom images
eeprom: ehex ebin esrec
ehex:  $(PRG)_eeprom.hex
ebin:  $(PRG)_eeprom.bin
esrec: $(PRG)_eeprom.srec
%_eeprom.hex: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@ \
	|| { echo empty $@ not generated; exit 0; }
%_eeprom.srec: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O srec $< $@ \
	|| { echo empty $@ not generated; exit 0; }
%_eeprom.bin: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O binary $< $@ \
	|| { echo empty $@ not generated; exit 0; }
# Every thing below here is used by avr-libc's build system and can be ignored
# by the casual user.
FIG2DEV                 = fig2dev
EXTRA_CLEAN_FILES       = *.hex *.bin *.srec
dox: eps png pdf
eps: $(PRG).eps
png: $(PRG).png
pdf: $(PRG).pdf
%.eps: %.fig
	$(FIG2DEV) -L eps $< $@
%.pdf: %.fig
	$(FIG2DEV) -L pdf $< $@
%.png: %.fig
	$(FIG2DEV) -L png $< $@

 

Queria tentar perceber onde está o problema.

Kurt Cobain - Grunge misses you

Nissan GT-R - beast killer

Posted

Os erros aparecem porque estás a tentar 'linkar' duas vezes o mesmo ficheiro objecto 'debounce.o'; verifica a linha de comandos usada para 'linkar' o ELF.

Quanto ao motivo para isso, usa uns '@echo' no Makefile para verificar o conteúdo das variáveis ALL_CFLAGS e OBJ e procura a segunda referência ao ficheiro.

  • Vote 1
Posted

Neste caso foi mesmo ignorância.

Ao adicionar um assembly file à lista de ficheiros a gerar pelo 'make', estava implicitamente a obrigar o compilador a criar o file debounce.o pela segunda vez. Mas como não preciso do assembly file, retirei-o da configuração do Makefile e já funcionou!

  • Vote 1

Kurt Cobain - Grunge misses you

Nissan GT-R - beast killer

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